Polish Community History
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Polish Community
 

Local tradition holds that Baltimore's Polish community began in 1868, when a small group of Polish Catholic immigrants with only sufficient funds to pay their passage to America, settled in the eastern section of the city, known as Fell's Point.

These first immigrants found not only an abundance of affordable housing but also opportunities for work.  There was a need for unskilled workers in port related activities, such as stevedores and carters as well as new industries as canning, slaughterhouses and fertilizer plants.  Once established, these immigrants wrote those they left behind to emigrate to this land of opportunity.

The parish church in America often served as a community center because municipal governments were often unresponsive to immigrant needs.  Following the parish, other associations soon appeared to provide its members or their families with needed monetary benefits in times of unemployment, sickness or death.  Many or these organizations continue to this day in Baltimore's Polish community.

By the turn of the century, there were approximately 30,000 Poles dispersed throughout Fell's Point, Canton, Highlandtown as well as across the harbor in Curtis Bay and Wagner's Point.

The outbreak of war in Europe during the summer of 1914 resulted in three significant actions: immigration from Poland was minimized; Hallers Blue Army fought with allied armies for Poland's freedom, and; the creation of a united, independent and autonomous Poland.  Baltimore contributed 203 men to the cause, of which seventy returned to Baltimore, seventy-three were killed, and the remainder stayed in Poland at wars end.

 

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Two decades of growth and independence in Poland came to an abrupt halt in September 1939 when the armies of Germany and the Soviet Union combined to subjugate the population.   Warsaw surrender, but the citizens of Poland were not defeated.  A Polish Relief Committee was formed in Baltimore and collected a substantial amount to aid war torn Poland.  War records indicated that the Poles were the largest ethnic group to volunteer for armed service.  Many Gold Stars, symbolic of the loss of a family member, hung in the windows of the Polish Community. Many Polish homes displayed several stars!

A gradual exodus to the suburbs began following the war with the help GI-loans and veterans benefits which made owning homes outside the city affordable and desirable.   Closing of local industries and relocation of port related activities hastened the exodus.  In spite of the polish population relocation, Baltimore has produced, and continues to support Barbara Mikulski United States Senator who retains her home in Fell's Point.

A thorough study of Baltimore's Polonia history can be found by contacting Mr. Thomas Hollowak at the University of Baltimore, e-mail

Historyk Press http://www.thollowak@ubmail.ubalt.edu